Printable field reference

Construction Area and Depth Quantity Reference

Convert plan area and finished depth into net geometric volume using exact metric and US customary relationships, then apply a clearly stated density only when weight is needed.

Use this sheet for a quick independent quantity check. The tables deliberately separate measured geometry from material behaviour. Area and depth determine net volume. Waste, compaction, bulking, moisture and purchasing increments are separate decisions and are not hidden inside the tabulated values.

Metric area × depth reference

For square metres and millimetres, divide the depth by 1,000 before multiplying. Every volume in this table is a net geometric volume with no allowance.

volume (m³) = plan area (m²) × finished depth (mm) ÷ 1,000
Exact metric volume and coverage relationships at common finished depths
Finished depthDepth in metresVolume per 10 m²Volume per 100 m²Area covered by 1 m³
25 mm0.025 m0.25 m³2.5 m³40 m²
40 mm0.040 m0.40 m³4 m³25 m²
50 mm0.050 m0.50 m³5 m³20 m²
75 mm0.075 m0.75 m³7.5 m³40/3 m² (13⅓)
100 mm0.100 m1 m³10 m³10 m²
125 mm0.125 m1.25 m³12.5 m³8 m²
150 mm0.150 m1.5 m³15 m³20/3 m² (6⅔)
200 mm0.200 m2 m³20 m³5 m²
250 mm0.250 m2.5 m³25 m³4 m²
300 mm0.300 m3 m³30 m³10/3 m² (3⅓)

The fractions shown for repeating coverage values are exact. The quick rule is that every 10 mm of depth over 100 m² equals exactly 1 m³.

US customary area × depth reference

For square feet and inches, divide by 324 to obtain cubic yards. The 324 ft² column is especially useful because a 1-inch layer over 324 ft² is exactly 1 yd³.

volume (yd³) = plan area (ft²) × finished depth (in) ÷ 324
Exact US customary volume and coverage relationships at common finished depths
Finished depthDepth in feetVolume per 324 ft²Volume per 1,000 ft²Area covered by 1 yd³
1 in1/12 ft1 yd³250/81 yd³ (3.086)324 ft²
1½ in1/8 ft1.5 yd³125/27 yd³ (4.630)216 ft²
2 in1/6 ft2 yd³500/81 yd³ (6.173)162 ft²
3 in1/4 ft3 yd³250/27 yd³ (9.259)108 ft²
4 in1/3 ft4 yd³1,000/81 yd³ (12.346)81 ft²
6 in1/2 ft6 yd³500/27 yd³ (18.519)54 ft²
8 in2/3 ft8 yd³2,000/81 yd³ (24.691)40.5 ft²
12 in1 ft12 yd³1,000/27 yd³ (37.037)27 ft²

Fractions are the exact values; parenthesised decimals are rounded to three decimal places for field use. One cubic yard contains exactly 27 cubic feet.

Keep net volume and order volume separate

The reference tables report only the shape that is measured: a horizontal plan area multiplied by a uniform finished depth. If an allowance is justified, show it explicitly so another person can reproduce the check.

order volume = net geometric volume × (1 + allowance percentage ÷ 100)

An allowance might cover trimming loss, local level variation, contamination, delivery increments or a stated construction tolerance. It does not automatically convert a loose delivered volume to a compacted placed volume. Use a project-approved conversion, supplier declaration or trial data when the material condition changes.

From volume to indicative weight

Density is not part of the area-by-depth geometry. Apply it only after volume has been calculated, and make sure the density describes the same material condition as the volume: loose, placed, compacted, laid or hardened. The values below are estimating starting points used by the SiteCalculators material tool; they are not product certificates.

metric mass (t) = volume (m³) × density (kg/m³) ÷ 1,000
US mass (short tons) = volume (yd³) × 27 × density (lb/ft³) ÷ 2,000
Indicative bulk-density starting points; verify before purchasing or compliance use
MaterialDensity basiskg/m³lb/ft³t per m³short tons per yd³
Type 1 granular sub-baseIndicative compacted2,200137.342.201.854
6F2 recycled aggregateIndicative compacted2,000124.862.001.686
Asphalt / tarmacIndicative laid2,350146.712.351.981
Normal-weight concreteIndicative hardened2,400149.832.402.023
Gravel / shingleIndicative loose1,650103.011.651.391
Dry construction sandIndicative loose1,60099.881.601.348
Screened topsoilIndicative loose1,30081.161.301.096
Crushed concreteIndicative compacted2,100131.102.101.770

Worked checks

Metric: Type 1 sub-base

A measured area of 600 m² at a uniform finished depth of 150 mm has a net geometric volume of 600 × 150 ÷ 1,000 = 90 m³. A separately stated 10% ordering allowance gives 99 m³. Using the indicative compacted density of 2,200 kg/m³ gives 217.8 t. Round an order only after checking supplier density, delivery capacity, layer specification, compaction evidence and commercial increments.

US customary: loose gravel

An area of 3,240 ft² at a uniform 4-inch depth has a net geometric volume of 3,240 × 4 ÷ 324 = 40 yd³. At the indicative loose density of 103.01 lb/ft³, that is about 55.6 US short tons before any allowance. This weight is approximate because moisture, grading and void ratio change actual loose density.

Geometry and use assumptions

  • Plan area: area is measured horizontally. Surface area on a slope is not substituted unless that is genuinely the specified basis.
  • Uniform depth: each table assumes a constant finished depth. Divide variable work into zones or use a measured strip or surface-volume method.
  • Net shape: openings, ducts, pipes, kerbs and other exclusions are not deducted unless you deduct them from the plan area.
  • No hidden factors: waste, bulking, settlement, shrinkage, compaction and purchasing allowance are all zero in the reference tables.
  • Matching density basis: a loose density must not be applied to a compacted volume, or the reverse, without a verified relationship.
  • Mass definitions: one metric tonne is 1,000 kg; one US short ton is 2,000 lb. This page does not use the 2,240 lb imperial long ton.
  • Rounding: retain unrounded values through the calculation, then round to a precision justified by the measurement and ordering method.

Engineering-adjacent estimate: This reference supports quantity checking; it does not certify material compliance, finished levels, compaction, vehicle loading, structural capacity or a supplier order. Reconcile the result with current drawings, specifications, survey information, supplier data and competent project review.